Relationship between breast arterial calcification and coronary artery disease by invasive coronary angiography in postmenopausal women.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between the presence of BAC and coronary artery disease (CAD) by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, postmenopausal women (age ≥ 45 years) with history of CAD, who underwent both ICA and digitized mammography, within six months of each other, were enrolled. Women who underwent prior percutaneous coronary intervention, or exhibited grade D breast density (BI-RADS®) or breast cancer upon mammography were excluded. Digital mammograms were identified in the electronic medical record system and reviewed for the presence of BAC, without knowledge of the ICA results by two experienced physicians. The ICA results were obtained from the electronic medical record, and categorized as follows: 1-single-vessel disease; 2-two-vessel disease; and 3-multivessel disease (≥3vessels). For statistical analysis Student t test, Gamma distribution, Chi-square test and logistic regression (odds ratio,OR) were used. RESULTS: Of the 183 postmenopausal women evaluated, 39 (21.3 %) had BAC. Women with BAC were older and had a longer time since menopause when compared to women without BAC (68.2 ± 9.6 × 59.6 ± 10.0 years of age and 19 ± 10.1 × 13.5 ± 8.2 years, respectively) (p < 0.0.0001). Among the clinical and cardiovascular characteristics evaluated, only the incidence of smoking was higher in women with BAC (p = 0.007). There was no difference in the number of affected vessels upon ICA in women with or without BAC (p = 0.683). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, time since menopause and smoking, the presence of BAC was not associated with a significant risk of observing a greater number of affected vessels upon ICA (OR1.07; 95 %CI 0.41-2.76, p = 0.609). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of BAC was not associated with the severity of CAD in postmenopausal women.

Micronúcleos em células do colo uterino em mulheres HIV+ segundo sua condição de imunidade / Micronuclei in uterine cervical cells of women HIV+ according to immunocompetence markers

OBJETIVO: investigar a micronucleação (MN) em células esfoliadas do colo uterino de mulheres HIV+ observando as condições de imunidade aferidas pelos níveis de linfócitos CD4+ e da carga viral para o HIV (CV). MÉTODOS: foram obtidas coletas citológicas da junção escamocolunar de 23 pacientes HIV+ de Ambulatório de DST/AIDS. O grupo controle foi composto por mulheres assintomáticas do Ambulatório de Prevenção de Câncer Ginecológico do mesmo serviço. O material foi submetido a processamento citológico para leitura em microscopia de luz, com objetiva de imersão em 2.000 células por paciente. Para avaliação da condição imunitária das pacientes HIV+ investigamos os níveis de linfócitos CD4+ e CV. A análise estatística dos resultados se fez com os testes do Χ2 e Kolmogorov-Smirnov. RESULTADOS: vinte e três pacientes compuseram o grupo de mulheres HIV+ e 19 formaram o grupo controle. Em todas as pacientes HIV+ e em 84,2 por cento do grupo controle detectamos MN. Dezessete pacientes HIV+ (73,9 por cento) tiveram mais de 7 MN. No grupo controle tivemos apenas 1 caso (5,2 por cento) com mais de 7 MN. Houve tendência na associação de maiores quantidades de MN em mulheres com baixos níveis de linfócitos CD4+ e maiores níveis de CV, sem caracterizar correlação estatística. CONCLUSÕES: pacientes HIV+ em fase de AIDS têm maior ocorrência de MN que o grupo controle e, também, a frequência com que são detectados MN parece estar associada a piores condições clínicas da imunossupressão.

PURPOSE: to investigate the micronucleation (MN) of exfoliated cells from the uterine cervix of HIV+ women according to immunocompetence status. We investigated the clinical conditions of immunocompetence by analyzing the levels of CD4+ lymphocytes and viral count for HIV (VC). METHODS: biological material was collected from 23 HIV+ patients whose cervical oncologic cytology results were negative. They were patients from the STD/AIDS-FCMS-PUCSP who underwent a cytobrush collection in the squamous columnar junction. Similar material was obtained from 19 healthy control women. The material, about 2000 cells per patient, was processed for cytology using light microscopy and an immersion objective. To analyze the immunological status of HIV+ patients we used CD4+ count and VC. Statistical analysis was performed using the Χ2 and Kolmorogov-Smirnov tests. RESULTS: twenty-three pacients composed the group of HIV+ women and 19 composed the control group. We found micronuclei (MN) in all HIV+ patients and in 84.2 percent of the control group. In 17 73.9 percent of the HIV+ patients and in 5.2 percent of the control group we found more than 7 MN cells. MN tended to occur more among women with poorer immunological status in the HIV+ group. CONCLUSIONS: HIV+ patients in the AIDS phase have a higher prevalence of micronucleated cells, as opposed to a control group. Also, the frequency of MN was associated with worse conditions of immunosuppression.

[Micronuclei in uterine cervical cells of women HIV+ according to immunocompetence markers]. / Micronúcleos em células do colo uterino em mulheres HIV+ segundo sua condição de imunidade.

PURPOSE: to investigate the micronucleation (MN) of exfoliated cells from the uterine cervix of HIV+ women according to immunocompetence status. We investigated the clinical conditions of immunocompetence by analyzing the levels of CD4+ lymphocytes and viral count for HIV (VC). METHODS: biological material was collected from 23 HIV+ patients whose cervical oncologic cytology results were negative. They were patients from the STD/AIDS-FCMS-PUCSP who underwent a cytobrush collection in the squamous columnar junction. Similar material was obtained from 19 healthy control women. The material, about 2000 cells per patient, was processed for cytology using light microscopy and an immersion objective. To analyze the immunological status of HIV+ patients we used CD4+ count and VC. Statistical analysis was performed using the Χ2 and Kolmorogov-Smirnov tests. RESULTS: twenty-three patients composed the group of HIV+ women and 19 composed the control group. We found micronuclei (MN) in all HIV+ patients and in 84.2% of the control group. In 17 73.9% of the HIV+ patients and in 5.2% of the control group we found more than 7 MN cells. MN tended to occur more among women with poorer immunological status in the HIV+ group. CONCLUSIONS: HIV+ patients in the AIDS phase have a higher prevalence of micronucleated cells, as opposed to a control group. Also, the frequency of MN was associated with worse conditions of immunosuppression.